;[6{   240 APPENDIX B PHONCODE GRAMMAR AND EXAMPLES  In this appendix the following are presented:  (a) the grapheme-phoneme grammar used by the phoncode program;  (b) a sample of dictionary words, phonetically coded;  (c) example parses  of  words from  the  dictionary, according  to  the  grammar. [48{ [6{In  the  actual  program  the  phonemes  are  coded  as  integers.  In  this [48{ [6{  appendix  they  are  represented  with  their  character  codes  for  ease  of [48{ [6{  reading. [48{ [6{The  full  grapheme-phoneme  grammar  used  by  the  phoncode  program  is [48{ [6{  given  in  figure  B-1.  Tied  graphemes  are  indicated  by  a  "1"  preceding [48{ [6{  them  and  segmentable  graphemes  by  a  "0". All  'vc+e'  graphemes  are [48{ [6{  segmentable,  and  are  indicated  by  "*"  (for  a  further  explanation  see [48{ [6{  section 7.3.5). [48{ [6{A  sample  of  words  from  the  phonetically  coded  dictionary  is  given  in [48{ [6{  figure B-2. [48{ [6{Parses  of  four  words  from  the  sample  dictionary  are  illustrated  in [48{ [6{  figure  B-3.  These  are  parsed  according  to  the  phoncode  grammar.  The [48{ [6{  alternative representation is used, as described in section 7.3.8. [6{   241 [48{ [6{  0augh => o: a: 0air => eE 1eigh => eI aI 0aer => e: 0ough => o: aU u E EU 0are => eE 1igh => aI 0ar => a: r E 1eau => EU ju 0ear => a: e: IE eE 0tch => ch 0ere => IE 1cs => ks 0re => e: r E 0sc => s 0er => e: r E 1dj => dz 0ier => IE 1bb => b 0ir => e: E r 1cc => k ks s 0our => o: 1ck => k 0oor => o: 1dd => d 0ore => o: 1ff => f th tv 0or => o: e: r E 1gg => g 0ure => e: r 1ll => l 0ur => E e: r 1mm => m *au => EU eI O o: 1nn => n *eu => ju 1pp => p *ou => aU 1rr => r *ai => eI eE 0ssi => sh *ie => i aI I IE 1ss => s z zh sh *ee => i IE 1tt => t *ea => i IE eI eE e 1zz => z zh *oi => oI 1ch => k ch sh *ei => i I 1gh => f g 1ae => i eE E eI IE 1ph => f p 1aa => a: 1sh => sh s ch 1ai => eI eE E aI I e 1th => th tv 1au => EU aU o: a: O 1wh => h w 1ee => i IE eI e E 1rh => r 0eu => ju 0eou => E 1oa => EU o: O E aU 1qu => kw 1oo => u U ^ EU o: O aU 0gue => g 1ou => E EU u U ^ aU o: ju 0gu => g 1ay => eI eE aI e I i 0dge => dz 1ey => eI i aI I 0dg => dz 1uy => aI 0ge => dz g 0hoy => oI 0ce => s z 1oy => oI 0ci => s sh 1iy => aI I 0cq => kw 0ye => aI I 0ayor => eE 0yoo => ju 0oar => e: o: 0you => ju Figure B-1: Grapheme-Phoneme Correspondences: Grammar used in Phoncode Program [6{   242 [48{ [6{  0yo => ju 0ks => ks 0ao => O 0lf => f v 0ei => i IE aI I eE eI 0lm => m 0ea => a: i IE e e: eI eE E 0lk => k 0eo => IE i 0ld => d 0ia => aI eE 0an => n 0ie => i IE aI I eE u 0en => n 0iu => ju 0on => n 0oi => oI u 0se => s z 0oe => EU u ^ 0mb => m 0ua => O 0nm => m 0ui => u ju oI I 0ng => ng 0ue => u ju 0si => sh zh 0uo => ju EU aU 0sw => s 0aw => o: 0ti => ch sh zh 0ouw => o: 0ct => ch 0iew => ju 0wr => r 0ew => u ju EU 1a =>eI eE ae a: e e: E O o: ^ I 0ow => EU aU o: 1e => i IE e e: E I eI eE ae 0uw => u ju w 1i => e: E aI I y i e ^ *y => aI I 1o=>e: E EU o: u U ^ O I aU ju w *a => eI eE ae a: I E aI e 1u => e: E U ju ^ w u I e *e => i IE e e: eE E 1b => b *i => i aI I e E 1c => k s sh *o => EU o: O ^ u oI 1d => d dz t *u => u U ju ^ o: E ae 1f => f v th tv 0ps => s 1g => g zh dz k 0bt => t 1h => h 0ct => k 1l => l 0dt => d 1m => m 0al => o: 1n => n ng m 0el => l 1r => r e: E 0il => l 1s => s sh z zh 0ul => l 1t => t ch sh d th 0le => l 1p => p 0ed => t d 1q => kw k 0de => d 1j => dz 0es => z zh s 1k => k 0ve => v f 1v => v 0gn => n 1w => w 0gi => dz 1x => g k ks s z zh 0kn => n 1y => aI I y i ju 0kw => kw 1z => z zh s sh [48{ [6{Figure B-1, continued [6{   243 [48{ [6{  add ae d hello h e l EU adjust ae dz ^ s t help h e l p adrift E d r I f t helped h e l p d adventure ae d v e n ch E kind k aI n d adventure ae d v e n ch E r kingston k I ng s t E n after a: f t E r kitchen k I ch E n after a: f t E knee n i again E g eI n knees n i z against E g eI n s t knew n ju age eI dz knife n aI f ago E g EU knight n aI t ahead E h e d knock n O k aims eI m s knocked n O k d air eE r know n EU alan ae l E n night n aI t alex ae l e ks nightmares n aI t m eE z alight E l aI t nightmares n aI t m eE r z all o: l nights n aI t s allowed E l aU d nine n aI n he h i ninety n aI n t I head h e d theory th IE r I headed h e d I d there tv eE r header h e d E these tv i z header h e d E r they tv eI hear h IE thicknesses th I k n E s E z hear h IE r wheel w i l heard h e: d wheels w i l z heard h e: r d when w e n height h aI t where w eE r held h e l d which w I ch while w aI l  Figure B-2: Examples of the phonetically coded dictionary [6{   244 [48{ [6{  error=nee error=thair node = 1 node = 1 phon = /n/ , next = 2 phon = /th/, next = 3 phon = /ng/, next = 2 phon = /tv/, next = 3 phon = /m/ , next = 2 node = 2 node = 2 node = 3 phon = /eI/, next = 4 phon = /eI/, next = 5 phon = /i/ , next = 4 phon = /eE/, next = 5 phon = /IE/, next = 4 phon = /eE/, next = 6 phon = /e/ , next = 4 phon = /e/ , next = 5 phon = /E/ , next = 4 phon = /E/ , next = 5 node =3 phon = /aI/, next = 5 =knee phon = /I/ , next = 5 node =4 error=nite node =5 node =1 phon = /e:/, next = 6 phon = /n/ , next = 2 phon = /E/ , next = 6 phon = /ng/, next = 2 phon = /r/ , next = 6 phon = /m/ , next = 2 =there node =2 phon = /i/ , next = 103 error=aymz phon = /i/ , next = 3 node =1 phon = /e/ , next = 3 phon = /eI/, next = 3 phon = /e:/, next = 3 phon = /eE/, next = 3 phon = /E/ , next = 3 phon = /e/ , next = 3 phon = /aI/, next = 3 phon = /aI/, next = 3 phon = /aI/, next = 103 phon = /I/ , next = 3 phon = /I/ , next = 3 phon = /i/ , next = 3 phon = /I/ , next = 103 node =2 phon = /y/ , next = 3 node =3 phon = /e/ , next = 103 phon = /m/ , next = 4 phon = /E/ , next = 103 node =4 phon = /^/ , next = 3 phon = /s/ , next = 5 node =3 phon = /sh/, next = 5 phon = /ch/, next = 4 phon = /z/ , next = 5 phon = /sh/, next = 4 phon = /zh/, next = 5 phon = /t/ , next = 4 =aims phon = /d/ , next = 4 phon = /th/, next = 4 node =4 phon = /eI/, next = 5 phon = /eE/, next = 5 phon = /ae/, next = 5 phon = /i/ , next = 5 phon = /IE/, next = 5 phon = /e/ , next = 5 phon = /e:/, next = 5 phon = /E/ , next = 5 phon = /I/ , next = 5 =knight =night Figure B-3: Examples parses of words according to phoncode grammar: alternative representation [6{   I TABLE OF CONTENTS  Appendix B. Phoncode grammar and examples  240 [6{   II LIST OF FIGURES  Figure B-1: Grapheme-Phoneme Correspondences: 241  Grammar used in Phoncode Program  Figure B-2: Examples of the phonetically coded 243  dictionary  Figure B-3: Examples  parses  of  words  according  to 244  phoncode  grammar:  alternative  representation